Examples of electron density

Figures from Bernhard Rupp's book "Biomolecular Crystallography" (with permission by the author)

There is more material (all figures, citations, tutorials) at the book's overview page.

You can see the full-size, high-resolution figure by clicking on it.

Cis-peptide bond and its electron density

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Covalently modified residues

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Covalent binding of ligands

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Additives mediating intermolecular contacts

Heavy-atom derivatization of a protein

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The trimeric bacterial outer membrane protein OprP

Chemically modified lysine residue (Dimethyllysine)

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Glycosylated residues stabilizing homodimer

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Uranium-atom solution and Fourier truncation ripples

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Solvent molecules (water, MPD, Mg2+)

(Pete Dunten had noticed that PDB code 2nls should be 1nls; this is now in the book's errata; the above legend has the correction.)

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Split side-chain conformations

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Se-Met residues and chloride ion

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